![]() It focuses on the raw materials used, energy use, displacement effects, carbon emissions effects, chemical pollution, water pollution, and other social and environmental effects. Using a ‘three-order effects’ measure, it surveys the environmental effects of ICT from manufacturing to widespread implementation. It argues that these claims are embedded in the orthodoxy of ecological modernizers (EM), and that a critical political ecology approach can more effectively re-embed information technology innovation in its material social, economic and political context. ![]() This work critically re-examines the claims of governments and the information and communications technology (ICT) industry to foster more sustainable economies based on high technology in an era of climate change, resource depletion, and pollution. ![]()
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